Sunday, October 17, 2021

Words: Is There an Intrinsic Meaning?

 






Here we are for another blog post. Welcome once again! It is always a pleasure sharing some reflections/views/impressions about being a translator. We live some great experiences from one project to another. Even though the technology is widely present in the life of the professional of the word, the metaphor to get down to the text is still illustrative to express the idea according to which the text in a foreign language has difficulties and peculiarities, which means that it is a constant challenge for a translator. Thus, I believe the translation activity can be a source of great joy and pleasure – which doesn’t mean that the job is not difficult; on the contrary! It requires commitment, a certain degree of study, and dedication. In today’s post, I would like to share some thoughts after having concluded some projects.

As I previously said on the blog post The Relationship Between a Translator and His Peers, the translation activity has the word as its raw material. That is, in the word, we find an endless source of linguistic possibilities. They become palpable as soon as two or more languages establish a fruitful relationship of coexistence according to the existential itinerary of the professional of the word. A word can bring about a myriad of interpretations and it can even gain nuances of complexities or ambiguities if we bear in mind the variety of texts we work with. How can we deal with these nuances? Could a word evoke the contours of an emotion? Or an image? Perhaps an idea? Or even a concept? An action? There are certain modern languages shared and spoken in the communities that have common origins, and even though they have their particularities, characteristics, and rules, in general, some of them have some familiarities among themselves, if we consider the reciprocal influences during the process of linguistic evolution and word formation. For example, the Portuguese word razão, has a certain similarity to the English word reason, which, in turn, is similar to the French word raison. There are countless languages all over the world.

On the other hand, on the blog post Someone Said that Translation Is… I considered that translation does not have an a priori value. And we are the ones, human beings, who attribute value to the translation after discovering its value. In the case of a book, after a careful and enjoyable reading, we discover its importance, and then, nourished by that wonderful experience, we can attribute value to that work. Affective value? Existential value? Philosophical value? I would say that translators promote the meeting between reader and author, and I have the impression that the meeting point is in the text. Furthermore, in addition to what is commonly called literary translation, that is, the branch more focused on the translation of books, there is also technical translation. For example, when someone buys a computer, whether a laptop or desktop computer, depending on the manufacturer, most likely the equipment will be accompanied by the manufacturer’s manuals indicating a series of information: From the most technical details concerning the equipment – such as operating characteristics, electrical specifications, configuration specifications, and the details about the electronic components – to the most basic details about the operating system. In other words, if the manufacturer provides a translated version of the manual to the public to which the product would be eventually offered, all the instructions will be extremely useful to the user of the equipment insofar as those instructions indicate the information and technical recommendations necessary for proper usage. Thus, in this case, we can attribute the value of utility to the translation, since the translated text offers a whole informative and instructive apparatus.

In light of this, from a few projects to this moment, and going through some interesting experiences, especially after delivering some creative translation projects – gaming and transcreation – I have appreciated even more the importance of ensuring the intelligibility of the translated text in the target language. And, for this reason, I would like to invite you to join me.

It is usual to have a certain inclination to believe that words have an intrinsic meaning. That is, there are words, they are articulated in sentences, and thanks to the meaning that each one of them has, it is possible to make them intelligible. That’s great, that’s the way it is. But is it wise to think of an intrinsic meaning for words? Let’s take the word "book" as an example. If we follow this inclination and think that the word has an intrinsic meaning, the simple fact of speaking, listening, writing, or reading the word "book" results in the intelligibility of the meaning. Nevertheless, it seems to me that things may not be as simple as that. Let’s imagine the following situation. On a sunny Sunday morning, someone feels like going out. The desire calls for a cultural adventure. This person goes to a bookstore, then the desire is satisfied. Once there, the reader begins to walk around and sees countless "books" organized on shelves. Initially, a superficial glance leads the reader to believe that they are books. Very well. As the curiosity is enormous, and there are many books to be explored, the reader goes towards one of them motivated by the desire to skim some of its pages. Without realizing it, the reader goes to the language section, and, instead of catching a book from the shelf, they catch a dictionary. At this moment, they think:  – Gosh!  It’s a dictionary… Notice that the reader’s expectations were frustrated when they found a dictionary among many books. Once they hastily judged all of that being books, the reader ended up disregarding all the other possible nuances. From that point on, and more attentive, the reader began to notice the existence of types of books on the shelves. The reader goes to the Literature section, and when they get there, they notice that there are foreign literature, national literature, 20th-century literature, etc.; in the History section, they notice that there are books on ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary history; something similar happens in the Philosophy section (if the reader has the opportunity to explore this universe, they will notice that philosophers have been building their thoughts throughout the history of philosophy). There is an illustrative saying about this: Don’t judge a book by its cover.

Avoiding hasty judgment during the translation activity seems to be an adequate and recommendable practice, especially in the treatment of words. When the professional of the word is in front of a text in a foreign language, depending on the area in which they work, there will be difficulties and challenges along the way, as I said earlier. When it comes to the Information Technology texts, the area in which I work and the one that I have an affinity, one of the biggest challenges is dealing with the number of technical terms, concepts, product names, and technologies that require linguistic treatment. This world is relatively new, and many people are still getting used to the usage of technology in their daily lives. In my opinion, one of the biggest challenges for the professional translator in this area would be exactly how to deal with all this terminology. On one hand, there are products and technologies – applications, computing, network computing, cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, the Internet, social networks, communication protocols, and so on. –; on the other, the consumer market – companies and individuals. How to deal with all this terminology and produce a successful linguistic result? We know that many of these words originate in English. How to deal with and translate them into the target language?

When I refer to the avoidance of hasty judgment in translation, my idea is instead to promote more intelligibility to the meaning of the words. In the Philosophical Investigations, a book by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 – 1951) posthumously published and commonly inserted in the second phase of his thought, the Austrian philosopher presents, among other things, a stimulating reflection on language. Among many ideas outlined in the Investigations, Wittgenstein is concerned with the usage of words. For him, there are different species of words. For example, "chair"; this is a word whose usage, and not the supposed intrinsic meaning, determines the intelligibility of the sense. When I say: "I am in front of the computer, at my desk, seated in this chair, writing this text", I use the word "chair" in this context. On the other hand, when I say: "The massage chair was placed in the main room", I use the word "chair" differently. Or, still, when I evoke a scene from the movie The Pianist: "The pianist took a seat in the chair, went towards the piano keyboard, and played an excerpt from Ballad No. 1 in G minor, Op. 23, by Frédéric Chopin."

In the first context, the usage associates the object chair with a sense related to work activity. Finding the words, organizing them harmonically in a text, and making the message intelligible is one of the skills with which the professional of the word puts into practice daily. But this is not all. We are bringing words within the reach of the reading public and thus we are also practicing linguistic sensibility. Those who read are never alone. The text can be extremely enjoyable and its reading can also be remarkable. Here the chair, among other things, gets easier the work of the professional of the word. Being there, we spend many hours of the day trying to find the most appropriate solution and still try to deliver, with the help of our skills, the best in linguistic terms to our clients. The existential itinerary of the professional of the word has its idiosyncrasies. In the second context, however, the usage associates the object chair in a sense related to a moment in which the person who sits there does not work. Someone spends hours on it, but there is no work activity. Things are going on in the world and the person who sits there does nothing at all. The massage chair is in the main room, and so, in the main room, it stays, because it is turned towards the person who sits there. Here, the chair is not made for work. And in the third context (…)

Wittgenstein’s word treatment is extremely fruitful. Earlier we identified a kind of word. "Chair". This species of word evokes an object situated in the external world. However, there are other extremely interesting species of word. As I said earlier, I had the opportunity to complete some work for the video game and transcreation areas recently. For both areas, one kind of remarkable word, and one that is present during the process of language treatment, would be "creativity". I have the impression that "creativity" is, unlike "chair", one of a different species of word. If, on the one hand, "chair" evokes an object in the outside world, I have the impression that "creativity", on the other hand, evokes something more related to mental phenomena.

Video games are part of the everyday life of many players. There are many different profiles. From those who have followed all the technological development of consoles in the last few years to those who play on the computer, and those who are just taking their first steps. The game genres are also diversified and they are gaining new enthusiasts each passing day. If, on the one hand, game developers use a lot of computer logic and mathematical calculations to make a game come true, on the other hand, there is still a whole creative side to it that is no less important. A game’s plot, the story, and the characters are incredibly complex and elaborate these days. There is a whole creative process involved – the imagination and fantasy are explored in such a way that playfulness is produced. And just think that a few years ago the old-but-gold Atari was the source of much fun for gamers of past generations. There are so many things that have changed since then, and we currently see cutting-edge technology in this industry.

In addition to all the development and creation, a game also contains words. There is dialog between characters and there is text in the graphic elements of the games. And this is where the professional of the word comes into the scene along with the translation agencies. For example, imagine that a game was developed in the English or French language. Let’s say that the studio that developed the game wants to provide it to a certain audience. For example, for the Brazilian community. At this point, it is common for the game developer to get in touch with a translation agency to request the linguistic treatment of the entire game, in case there is no specific department to take care of this. The translation agency, in turn, on receiving a translation or machine translation post-editing project in the language pairs English>Portuguese or French>Portuguese, will contact the linguist that provides services in these language pairs – by the way, the example is illustrative, since these are the two language pairs I work with. The professional of the word, in turn, on receiving the project from the translation agency, will have the opportunity to deal with unpredictable challenges, since a game may involve other areas of expertise. Think, for example, of a racing game. There is all the automotive terminology involved. Let’s say, the parts that make a hot-rodded car, the whole visual and aesthetic part, the interior. Also, if the race takes place on a street circuit, there are the names and details of these places. There is also the linguistic register. If the race is a race between the buddies against the police, there may be stories and dialogues between the characters with a lot of slang and colloquialisms. In my opinion, the feeling I get coming from working on the first projects in this area is that it seems to be one of the most challenging areas. Just an example, depending on the project, there may even be limitations regarding the number of characters in the translated text, since certain graphic elements have screen space limitations. I have a lot to learn in this area and a lot to explore, for sure.

Another area that I have worked on recently is transcreation. This is a style of translation that involves creativity. In general, a company wants to launch a product in a certain market. For this, there is a whole localization strategy involved in this process, and as I said earlier, translation is one part of the whole process. Well, all the linguistic treatment related to the product will be done by the professional of the word along with the translation agencies. The process of work assignment is analogous to what I described above. I received these assignments from a client for whom I have been working for some time. I have a great professional relationship with this client and I could say that the assignments have a certain constancy. I translate a lot of Information Technology projects for this agency and I have recently started to receive projects from other areas – transcreation, medical press releases, and even a website. All right, the transcreation jobs were for the same client that hired the translation agency. The whole process went smoothly and I was pleased with the final result. It was a nice project and I finished it with great pleasure.

Now, if you allow me, I will share some of my impressions on the experiences involving transcreation. First of all, I received the job offers by e-mail on two consecutive Fridays, late in the afternoon. Both offers are for the English>Portuguese language pair. Before assigning the job, firstly the translation agency sends an e-mail with an offer to check the availability of the professional of the word. In this first contact, the client kindly sends a sample for a preliminary evaluation of the text to receive the linguistic treatment. In addition, the client also indicates the translation tool to be used in the project, in this case, Wordfast Pro – I have already had the opportunity to work with some CAT tools, and I would like to highlight my positive experiences with Trados Studio, memoQ (the feature Create view is wonderful), Smartcat, Wordbee, Memsource Cloud, Passolo, XTM, Lingotek, and Wordfast itself (the feature Transcheck Report caught my attention).

On the first project received on the first Friday, I checked the offer email with the material and I was confident enough to translate it. I conducted the project without any major problems the first weekend and the delivery was done some days later, according to the deadline. On the following Friday, I ended up receiving the second offer – the translation agency received the material from their same client to be translated on Wordfast Pro as well – and I accepted it. However, I found some difficulty getting the color of a product translated in this second project. I spent hours trying to find a linguistic solution, but I was unhappy with everything I had found. I finally decided to go back through all the reference material the client had sent me to make sure I had not neglected anything. And, indeed, I had! I discovered a document with the references for the product in question and more: A promotional image illustrating it; there was a Word document with a photo and other details; in the foreground, an image of the product, and in the background – imagine! –, a Phenomenon of Nature with the exact colors of the product. So that was it! A color inspired by that. From this experience, finding the solution was much easier, and I was delighted with the result. I could say that there is a lot to learn in the area of transcreation as well, but I feel enthusiastic about the first experiences I had during the two projects. Each project offers different challenges, and the courage to go through the sinuosities of each one can be a considerable element to the professional’s repertoire of skills. Count on me if you need my linguistic services.

Thank you very much for your attention, and I hope you enjoyed the reading. See you in the next post!

 

About the painting:

Gustave Caillebotte  (1848-1894)

Jeune homme au piano

1876

Oil on canvas

Artizon Museum, Tokyo, Japan


Brazilian Portuguese Translations, Brazilian Portuguese Translator #brazilianportuguesetranslations #brazilianportuguesetranslator